Ma`rifat Farhangi Ejtemaei

Some scholars argue that the concept of "culture" is one of the most difficult and yet most important concepts of the human sciences. This concept has undergone many changes in the West, and it is still a source of ambiguity, and based on various principles and historical contexts, it has several interpretations. Given the importance of this concept in the religious literature of the Islamic Republic, considerable attention should be given to it. Therefore, explaining the development process of the concept of culture in France, Germany, Great Britain and Russia, this paper, through a historical method, seeks to modify the concept of culture within the context of transcendental philosophy which is regarded as the theoretical basis of the Islamic Revolution and its leaders' view. This task has been accomplished on the basis of a rational argument. According to this viewpoint, through their unity collectively with the degrees of existence and manifesting these meanings in their behaviors and decorum, people create the culture which represents a retrograde step of meaning to common understanding and shared behaviors and social actions.