Hermeneutical Foundations for Islamic Social Sciences
Article Type:
Research
Writers:
Mansor / Assistant Professor, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute / Nasirimansour4@Gmail.com
Abstract:
social sciences are given. It is observed that in all of these proposals, interpretation and understanding are crucial. Hermeneutics is introduced in the broad sense of the study of interpretation and understanding, and a brief review of its
developments is given, with an emphasis on the work of Gadamer. Some of the problems of the application of hermenteutics are discussed along with suggestions about the rational evaluation of competing views that may be formulated in initially incommensurable languages. The idea of religious hermeneutics is next developed with reference to the positions that have been taken by Bultmann, Plantinga, and Nasr; and on this basis three grades of religious hermeneutics are distinguished. An attempt is made to overcome some problems for an Islamic hermeneutics with reference to proposals by William Chittick and Leo Strauss. Problems with the application of an Islamic hermeneutics are reviewed and solutions offered. The view that the objectivity of science precludes religious science is rejected in favor of the view that objectivity does not depend on neutrality but on articulation, the process of making assumptions and presuppositions explicit and to formulate them with ever greater precision (where this is appropriate). Complications that arise for the application of an Islamic hermeneutics for the social sciences are surveyed, and it is proposed that the application of an Islamic hermeneutics for the social sciences must be developed in a dialectical relationship to the scientific traditions whose secularity gave rise to the calls for sacred science
and in particular for Islamized social sciences
چکیده و کلیدواژه فارسی (Persian)
Title :مبانی هرمنوتیکی علوم اجتماعی اسلامی / محمد لگنهاوسن / ترجمه‌ی منصور نصیری
Abstract:
این مقاله، با مروری اجمالی بر برخی پیشنهادها درباره طرح علوم اجتماعی اسلامی، بر آن است که در همه این پیشنهادها، «تفسیر» و «فهم» نقشی سرنوشت ساز دارند. هرمونتیک به معنای وسیعِ مطالعه تفسیر و فهم مطرح و تحولات آن را با تأکید بر تأثیرات گادامر، به اختصار بیان شده است. در ضمنِ پیشنهادهایی که درباره ارزیابی عقلی دیدگاهایی که ممکن است در زبان های بدواً غیرقابل مقایسه صورت بندی شوند، برخی از مشکلات به کارگیری هرمنوتیک مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. سپس، انگاره هرمنوتیک دینی را با اشاره به دیدگاه های بولتمان، پلانتینگا و نصر مطرح شده است. و بر همین اساس، سه درجه از هرمنوتیک دینی از یکدیگر تفکیک شده است. نویسنده با ارجاع به طرح های ارائه شده از سوی ویلیام چیتیک و لئو اشراوس، تلاش کرده است برخی از مشکلاتی را که فراروی هرمنوتیک اسلامی قرار دارد، حل نماید. مشکلات کاربست هرمنوتیک اسلامی را مرور و راه حل های آن را ارائه نموده است. این دیدگاه را که عینیت علم، مانع از علم دینی است، رد نمود. و این دیدگاه را ترجیح داده است که عینیت، بر بی طرف بودن وابسته نیست، بلکه بر صراحت وابسته است؛ یعنی بر فرایند تصریح به فرض ها و پیش فرض ها و صورت بندی آنها با دقت هرچه بیشتر در پایان، دشواری هایی را که فراروی کاربست هرمنوتیک اسلامی برای علوم اجتماعی قرار دارند، مورد بررسی و پیشنهاد شده است که کاربست هرمنوتیک اسلامی برای علوم اجتماعی باید در ارتباط دیالکتیکی با سنت های علمی ای صورت گیرد که سکولار بودن آنها، علم مقدس و به ویژه علوم اجتماعی اسلامی شده را ایجاب کرده است.
References:
- لگنهاوسن، محمد، «چرا سنت‌گرا نيستم»، ترجمه: منصور نصيري، در: جاودان خرد، تهران، دانشگاه تهران، بي‌تا.
- Abaza, Mona, Debates on Islam and Knowledge in Malaysia and Egypt: Shifting Worlds, London: Routledge, 2002.
- Ahmed, Akbar S, Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim History and Society, revised ed., London and New York: Routledge, 2002.
- Apel, Karl-Otto, Understanding and Explanation: A Transcendental-Pragmatic Perspective, tr. Georgia Warnke, Cambridge: MIT, 1984.
- Alatas, Farid, “Research: the Islamization of knowledge-Interview with Farid Alatas,” Religioscope, on-line at(2008): http://www.religion.info/english/interviews/article_358.shtml
- Al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib, Islam and Secularism, Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 1993
- Bennet, Clinton, Muslims and Modernity: An Introduction to the issues and Debates, London and New York: Continuum, 2005.
- Bultmann, Rudolf, New Testament and Mythology and Other Basic Writings, tr. S. M. Ogden, London: SCM Press, 1985.
- Carroll, Lewis, “What the Tortoise Said to Achilles”. Mind, 4, 278–80, 1895.
- Chittick, William C., “Can the Islamic Intellectual Heritage be Recovered?” Iqbal Review, October 1998, p.11-25.
- Chittick, William C, Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul: The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology in the Modern World, Oxford: Oneworld, 2007.
- Esposito, John L. and John O. Voll, Makers of Contemporary Islam, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
- Faruqi, Isma‘il, Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan, Herndon, Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1982.
- Gadamer, Hans-Georg, “Gadamer on Strauss: An Interview,” (conducted by Ernest L. Fortin) Interpretation, 1984, p.12:1, 1-133.
- Gadamer, Hans-Georg, Hermeneutik I, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1990.
- Gadamer, Hans-Georg, Hermeneutik II, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1993.
- Gadamer, Hans-Georg, Truth and Method, 2nd rev. ed. tr. Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall, London and New York: Continuum, 2004.
- Idhe, Don, “Expanding Hermeneutics,” in Hermeneutics and Science, ed. Marta Feher and Olga Kiss, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1999, 346–349, on the web at(1999):
- http://www.stonybrook.edu/philosophy/faculty/dihde/articles/expanding_hermeneutics.html
- Iqbal, Muzaffar, Science and Islam, Westport: Greenwood Press, 2007.
- Kalin, Ibrahim, “Three views of science in the Islamic world” in God, Life and the Cosmos, eds. Ted Peters, Muzaffar Iqbal, and Syed Nomanul Haq, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002, p.43-75.
- Kuhn, Tomas. “Paradigms of Scientific Evolution” interview in Giovanna Borradori, The American Philosopher, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994, 153-167, translated from Conversazioni americane con W. O. Quine, D. Davidson, H. Putnam, R. Nozick, A. C. Danto, R. Rorty, S. Cavell, A. MacIntyre, Th. S. Kuhn, Rome: Gius, Laterza & Figli, 1991.
- Legenhausen, Hajj Muhammad, “Why I am not a Traditionalist” ReligioScope,
- http://www.religioscope.com/pdf/esotrad/legenhausen.pdf, 2002.
- Legenhausen, Hajj Muhammad, “On Getting the Last Word In,” Part I, Message of Thaqalayn, Vol. 8, No. 3, 135-158; Part II, Message of Thaqalayn, (2003), Vol. 8, No. 4, 109-158.
- Leiter, Brian, “The Hermeneutics of Suspicion: Recovering Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud,” in The Future for Philosophy, ed. B. Leiter, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2004, 74-105.
- Lovejoy, Arthur O,(1936) The Great Chain of Being, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964
- MacIntyre, Alasdair, Whose Justice? Which Rationality? Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.
- MacIntyre, Alasdair, Three Rival Versions of Moral Inquiry: Encylopedia, Genealogy and Tradition, Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1990.
- MacIntyre, Alasdair, “Nietzsche or Aristotle” interview in Giovanna Borradori, The American Philosopher, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994a , P.137-152, translated from Conversazioni americane con W. O. Quine, D. Davidson, H. Putnam, R. Nozick, A. C. Danto, R. Rorty, S. Cavell, A. MacIntyre, Th. S. Kuhn, Rome: Gius, Laterza & Figli, 1991.
- MacIntyre, Alasdair (1994b) "Kinesis Interview With Alasdair MacIntyre" (conducted by Thomas D. Pearson), Kinesis 20, 34-47, 1994 (reprinted in Kinesis 23, 40-50, 1996.
- MacIntyre, Alasdair, Dependent Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues, Notre Dame and La Salle: Notre Dame University Press, 1999.
- MacIntyre, Alasdair, “On Not Having the Last Word: Thoughts on Our Debts to Gadamer” in Gadamer’s Century, ed. Jeff Malpas, Ulrich Arnswald, and Jens Kertscher, Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002, p.157-172.
- McDowell, John, “Gadamer and Davidson on Understanding and Relativism”in Gadamer’s Century, ed. Jeff Malpas, Ulrich Arnswald, and Jens Kertscher, Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002, p.173-193.
- Mueller-Vollmer, Kurt, ed., The Hermeneutics Reader, New York: Continuum, 2002.
- Nagel, Thomas, The Last Word, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
- Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines, Boulder: Shambala, 1978.
- Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, Knowledge and the Sacred, New York: Crossroad, 1981.
- Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, The Need for a Sacred Science, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.
- Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, Religion and the Order of Nature, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
- Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, In Search of the Sacred: A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought, with Ramin Jahanbegloo, Santa Barbara: Praeger, 2010.
- Phillips, D. Z., Religion and the Hermeneutics of Contemplation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
- Plantinga, Alvin, "Religion and Science", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2010 Edition), ed., Edward N. Zalta, on-line at(2010):
- http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2010/entries/religion-science
- Plantinga, Alvin, “Games Scientists Play,” in The Believing Primate, eds. Jeffrey Schloss and Michael J. Murray, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009, p.139-167.
- Plantinga, Alvin, “Two (or more) Kinds of Scripture Scholarship,” Modern Theology, 1998, 14:2, p.243-278.
- Plantinga, Alvin, “Methodological Naturalism?” in Facets of Faith and Science, ed. Jitse M. van der Meer, Lanham: University Press of America, 1996, 177-221.
- Plantinga, Alvin, “Advice to Christian Philosophers,” Faith and Philosophy, 1984, 1:3, p.253-271.
- Ragab, Ibrahim A. (2005) “Islamization of Knowledge Methodology,” on-line at:
- http://www.ibrahimragab.com/ebooks-11.
- Ramberg, Bjørn, and Kristin Gjesdal (2009) , “Hermeneutics”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL=
- http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2009/entries/hermeneutics/
- Ricoeur, Paul, Freud and Philosophy, tr. Denis Savage, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970.
- Roberts, Richard H., Religion, Theology, and the Human Sciences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
- Sellars, Wilfrid, Science, Perception and Reality, New York: Humanities Press; reissued in 1991 by Ridgeview Publishing Co., Atascadero, CA, 1963.
- Shayegan, Daryush, Cultural Schizophrenia: Islamic Societies Confronting the West, tr. John Howe, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1992.
- Stenberg, Lief (1996) “The Islamization of Science: Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Ziauddin Sardar” Social Epistemology, x, ¾, 273-87. Unedited version on the web:http://www.muslim-science.com/the-islamization-of-science-seyyed-hossein-nasr-and-ziauddin-sardar-lief-steinberg/
- Strauss, Leo, Persecution and the Art of Writing, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.
- Strauss, Leo and Hans-Georg Gadamer, "Correspondence Concerning Wahrheit and Methode," The Independent Journal of Philosophy 2, 1978, p. 5-12.
- Sulaiman, Sa‘du Islamization of Knowledge: Background, Models, and the Way Forward, Nigeria: IIIT, 2000.
- Taylor, Charles “Gadamer on the Human Sciences,” in The Cambridge Companion to Gadamer, ed. Robert J. Dostal, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, p.126-142.
- van Fraassen, Bas C, The Empirical Stance, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.
- Wainwright, William J., Reason and the Heart: A Prolegomenon to a Critique of Passional Reason, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995.
- Westphal, Merold, Suspicion and Faith: The Religious Uses of Modern Atheism, New York: Fordham University Press, 1998.
Copyright © 2010 The Author(s). This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Cite this article:
RIS
Mendeley
BibTeX
APA
MLA
HARVARD
VANCOUVER
Legenhausen, Mohammad, , Mansor. (2010) Hermeneutical Foundations for Islamic Social Sciences. Ma`rifat-e Farhangi Ejtemai, 1(3), 7-47
Mohammad Legenhausen; Mansor ."Hermeneutical Foundations for Islamic Social Sciences". Ma`rifat-e Farhangi Ejtemai, 1, 3, 2010, 7-47
Legenhausen, M, , M.(2010) 'Hermeneutical Foundations for Islamic Social Sciences', Ma`rifat-e Farhangi Ejtemai, 1(3), pp. 7-47
