Ma`rifat Farhangi Ejtemaei

According to Abu Nasr Farabi's classification of sciences, the civil (social) science of Muslims includes two sciences, theology and jurisprudence, and it can be claimed that the civil (social) thought was mainly formed by jurists-theologians. In this historical period, at least three major issues of the disappearance of the 12th Imam of the Shiites, the translation of Greek sciences and its effects in the environment of Baghdad and the political government of al-Buyeh have an important contribution to its developments. Sheikh Mofid, as a great Shiite jurist and the founder of the Baghdad school of theology and jurisprudence, played an important role in the civil and social developments of Shiites in this critical period of Shiite history. Relying on this introduction and using fundamental methodology, in this paper, we have tried to enumerate and formulate the effective epistemological and non-epistemological principles on the formation of the social (civil) thought of Sheikh Mofid. In this formulation, the influences of the school of Qom (Sheikh Sadouq and Sheikh Kalini) are mentioned as the epistemological principles of Sheikh Mofid and the new formulation of Sheikh Mofid from these epistemological principles with regard to his own historical and social conditions. In the end, we have mentioned the necessity of researching the social thought of other Shiite jurists-theologians before and after Sheikh Mofid.