Ma`rifat Farhangi Ejtemaei

In various sciences, by adopting a criterion called "Criterion of Validity" and adhering to it in the research methodology, scholars aim to ensure the reliability of their findings. Islamic scholars, by observing the Criterion of Validity, demonstrate that their research outcomes are conclusive and binding, and this act fulfills their religious duties. This article, by reviewing the major sciences developed in Islamic culture, seeks to identify the Criterion of Validity for each one and, in the final analysis, to establish the Criterion of Validity for Islamic Human Sciences. The first step for a Muslim is belief in the principles of religion, which are rational. The method of reasoning in proving the principles of religion is independent of any Criterion of Validity or methodology. Simply believing is the criterion for evaluating this belief. After proving the principles of religion, it is necessary to act according to divine revelation. Two major sciences, which interpret divine revelation, namely Tafsir (exegesis) and Fiqh (jurisprudence), are structured to reach divine revelation. Therefore, the Criterion of Validity in their methodology is submission to revelation. The outcome of each of these two sciences should not contradict divine revelation. Once the rulings are derived through these two sciences, implementing these rulings becomes the focal point. For the implementation of a ruling, the subject of the ruling must be identified so that it can be carried out according to the instructions of the jurist. In the process of understanding the subject, since the goal is to implement the rulings, rational analysis cannot contradict the rulings themselves. Thus, the Criterion of Validity in the research methodology of understanding the rulings is based on the rulings themselves. In the social sciences, adherence to the social rulings derived by the Islamic jurist (Faqih), particularly in the context of governance, is the criterion. Therefore, in describing, explaining, concluding, and planning social matters, in order to act according to Islamic principles, one must adhere to the Criterion of Validity of the rulings issued by the Islamic Supreme Leader (Wali Faqih)."