Ma`rifat Farhangi Ejtemaei

The fact that human beings are first and foremost thirsty for knowledge of other things rather than knowledge of self may seem humorous and exaggerated. But the history of thought and science confirms it. This is the reason why anthropology is still young and undeveloped, despite its critical importance. With the emergence of modern worldview in the Christian West, anthropology also underwent a fundamental transformation. The transition from traditional to modern anthropology in the West is the subject of the critical analyses of this paper. While critically examining the traditional ideas of Western anthropology - with mainly philosophical, religious, and mythological backgrounds - the paper described, analyzed, and criticized this process and transition to modern - scientific anthropology. Finally, the weaknesses and shortcomings of modern anthropology were discussed. Lack of methodological multiplicity, having only one resource, and most importantly, the absence of moral instructions, and weakness in justifying moral issue are among the most important gaps in modern anthropology.