Ma`rifat Farhangi Ejtemaei

Observing the population in Iran, and its ups and downs, and the process of population growth by implementing family planning policy at a time in the country's history, and abandoning the policy after a while, the Islamic community faced the problem of a sharp decline in fertility and an aging population. This approach to population decline was changed by the announcement of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in 2012 and became a discourse on population growth. Since then, this policy has not been properly considered by the authorities. Despite the negative consequences of declining fertility and population, Iran appears to be in a great turn and a golden opportunity for a demographic window; the chance that many countries around the world are hoping that if properly managed, many threats to the population will be eliminated. This paper using analytical and documentary method, deals with the statistical analysis of the demographic changes in Iran, exploring the implications of diminishing concentration, referring to the golden opportunity of the demographic window. Research findings suggest that in a well-managed demographic window, the threat of population decline can be transformed into an opportunity to improve the quality of human capital, increase the supply of labor, increase savings and investment of people, reduce poverty and manage age fluctuations in production and consumption.